It's important to avoid being highly indebted as it can leave you financially vulnerable in tough times. Here's how to keep your credit card account in the black.
1) Mind your debt
When it comes to problems in managing debt, your mind may be the first area you need to conquer. Mohamed Akwal Sultan, CEO of the Credit Counselling and Debt Management Agency (AKPK), notes that debt is a psychological problem, whereby some people would resort to spending when they are depressed. Dr Goh Chee Leong, vice-president of Help University College, says the basic principle that explains why people spend without thinking on their credit card is attributable to the desire for instant gratification. “We tend to want short-term pleasure even though it means long-term pain,” he says. “We think, if ‘I pay less now, I’ll have more money and it doesn’t hurt me now’. It’s the same principle as to why people procrastinate — have fun now and suffer later,” explains Goh, who lectures in psychology at Help. Another factor that contributes to mindless spending, notes Goh, is the lack of control over desire. “Some lack the will-power to say no to what they feel they want. So, this is a matter of heart versus head.
Is there an antidote for this? “Focus on your limit,” he advises. “Don’t get distracted and compare yourself with other people. If you want to spend the same amount of money that others are spending, you either have to increase your income or decrease your expenditure. Although it is a cliché, it is important to live within your limit.” The good news is that like many things in life, delaying one’s gratification can be attained through practice. “Discipline is a mental muscle. It’s willpower that makes us do something we don’t feel like doing, such as jogging and saving money,” Goh explains.
2) Know your limits
You can’t control debt if you don’t know what you are spending your money on. In Mohamed Akwal’s opinion, budget is one of the most important tools in financial planning. Tabitha Tan Boon Nie, 25, makes it a point to come up with a budget each month. “I only have one fixed income. If I do not budget, then I might be spending more than my income. This is very dangerous!” Each month, she deducts her monthly fixed debts and expenses such as her housing and car loan instalments as well as her parents’ pocket money from her income. “If you’ve just started working, then, in two to three months’ time, you should have a rough idea of how much you need for meals, petrol and toll. If your expenses are more than the balance, then you’ll have to look at how you can reduce them,” she says.
Ruban Thomas, 30, a senior business development executive, took almost three years to clear his credit-card debt. But the experience has taught him how to manage his personal finances better. He now drafts a monthly personal budget planner, putting together a very basic list of monthly income and expenses. “You can just give it your best guess. Stick to the list of things that you can easily identify, such as rent, car payment, insurance and utilities. As time goes by, you can add more details.” Ruban makes it a point to pay himself a minimum of 20% every month when he gets his pay cheque. Next, he sets aside money for “unavoidable payments” such as car and housing loans, PTPTN (National Higher Education Fund Corp) loan and utility bills. Nelson Ng, a banker, does something similar. “The housing and car loans are my main priorities. I spend what’s left of my income after deducting 20% to 30% for savings,” he says.
3) Keep a tight rein on the ‘extras’
Budgeting helps to identify your regular expenditures, but it doesn’t help if you blow the budget regularly on big items. Ng points out: “You must always remember to not overspend and indulge in impulse purchases, especially during sales.” Credit card issuers tend to give a credit limit that is two to three times higher than one’s earning capacity. This can give you the illusion that you are able to afford a lifestyle that is two or three times beyond your means. Hence, make sure you have the money to pay for each purchase. You could have a little ‘savings accounts’ set aside for treats like travel or large purchases like a handphone. After purchasing the items, use the money to pay the charges in full.
4) Limit temptation
When Ng managed to settle his outstanding debts after around two years, he decided to cancel four of his credit cards to avoid the temptation of overspending. Currently, he only owns two credit cards — one for petrol transactions and the other for daily use. “There is always the temptation to overspend when we have too many cards in our wallet,” he opines. “With a minimal payment of 5%, the monthly payments seem to be small, but the bigger debt is always waiting for us at the bottom of the statement. Clear your credit card debts as fast as possible because every month, there will always be additional bills being credited and your debts will accumulate very fast, with the high interest of 18% per annum.”
Similarly, Tan owns two credit cards and does not intend to apply for more. “The interest rate is way higher than the interest rate your saving account is giving,” she points out. “Furthermore, my credit limits are already over my monthly income. I really wouldn’t want to get into such debt that will take me years to clear.”
This is an excerpt from an article which appeared in Issue 90 (February 2009) of Personal Money, the personal finance magazine published by The Edge Communications Sdn Bhd
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