李嘉诚的管理金句

● 我不是超人——你们不要老提我，我算什么超人，是大家同心协力的结果。我身边有300员虎将，其中100人是外国人，200人是年富力强的香港人。

● 我表面谦虚，其实很骄傲，别人天天保持现状，而自己老想着一直爬上去，所以当我做生意时，就警惕自己，若我继续有这个骄傲的心，迟早有一天是会碰壁的。

● 假如今日，如果没有那么多人替我办事，我就算有三头六臂，也没有办法应付那么多的事情，所以成就事业最关键的是要有人能够帮助你，乐意跟你工作，这就是我的哲学。

● 长江取名基于长江不择细流的道理，因为你要有这样豁达的胸襟，然后你才可以容纳细流。没有小的支流，又怎能成长江？

● 在我心目中，不理你是什么样的肤色，不理你是什么样的国籍，只要你对公司有贡献，忠诚、肯做事、有归属感，即有长期的打算，我就会帮他慢慢地经过一个时期而成为核心分子，这是我公司一向的政策。

● 一个总司令，是一个集团军的统帅，拿起机关枪总不会胜过机关枪手，走到炮兵队操作大炮也不如炮兵。但作为集团军的总司令不要管这些，只要懂得运用战略便可以，所以整个组织十分重要。

● 在我的企业内，人员的流失及跳槽率很低，并且从没出现过工潮。最主要的是员工有归属感，万众一心。

● 我老是在说一句话，亲人并不一定就是亲信。

一个人你要跟他相处，日子久了，你觉得他的思路跟你一样是正面的，那你就应该可以信任他；你交给他的每一项重要工作，他都会做，这个人就可以做你的亲信。

南洋商报

ETFs offer low-cost entry into specific sectors

Exchange traded funds (ETFs) are versatile investing instruments that provide investors with a low-cost way of gaining diversified exposure to asset classes or specific sectors.

When the stock markets collapsed last year, investors flocked to extremely safe assets to stash their wealth. Since then, some form of stability seemed to have appeared across global markets and many are looking at ways to invest opportunistically in specific sectors based on a secular trend or macroeconomic theme.

Short-term gyrations of the market, a common characteristic of the global financial crisis, often leave certain sectors or subsectors trading at less than its intrinsic worth. Investors may also find it easier to time industry allocations based on the business cycle as opposed to timing the purchase and sale of individual securities.

A big deterrent to investing in a sector is the cost involved in acquiring a sufficient representation of the desired sector. Buying shares in several companies requires large amounts of capital while thematic or sector based unit trust funds levy sales charges and yearly management fees.

To overcome these hurdles, investors in matured financial markets have turned to exchange traded funds (ETFs) to invest in a particular sector. As a result, ETFs have grown increasingly popular with both institutional and retail investors.

Since 2002, assets held in ETFs around the world increased more than fivefold while the number of global ETFs increased more than eightfold. According to Lipper Inc, US$125 billion (RM438.75 billion) moved out of unit trust funds, in Europe, during the first eight months of 2008 while ETFs received net inflows of US$48 billion (RM168.48 billion).

ETFs are baskets of stocks, bonds or commodities based on an index. This instantly offers broad diversification and does away with the risk involved in owning stock of a single company. ETFs are listed and traded on a stock exchange. With units in an ETF, investors can gain exposure to a geographical region, market, industry or sector, commodity such as gold or oil, or even a specific investment style such as growth or value.

To identify the exposure that investors will obtain by buying units of an ETF, look at its underlying benchmark as this reveals the assets held in the ETF. For example, Asia’s first Syariah-compliant ETF, MyETF-Dow Jones Islamic Market Malaysia Titans 25 (MyETF-DJIM25) trades on Bursa Malaysia and tracks the Dow Jones Islamic Market Malaysia Titans 25 Index. This indicates that MyETF-DJIM25 holds the 25 leading syariah-compliant listed companies in the country.

A key difference between ETFs and unit trust funds is in its objective. ETFs are passively managed and closely follow the performance of its underlying index. Unit trust funds are actively managed and aim to outperform its benchmark index. This creates a difference in the cost to invest for both investing vehicles with ETFs being relatively cheaper without sales charges and a fee for active management.

Unlike unit trusts, ETFs trade during market hours and are more transparent as investors can see the assets held by the ETF on a daily basis. In comparison, unit trust funds publish their holdings on a monthly basis.

Nevertheless, ETFs are not a “one-size-fit-a ll” solution for everyone. Successful investing in a sector via ETFs still requires research and knowledge.

Investors must know exactly what the ETF is tracking and how it complements their portfolio (refer to box). As with any other investment, it is good practice to establish an entry and exit strategy and to consider the risk involved.

While investors can hope for the best, they should prepare themselves for the worst. Avoid impulse purchases or avoid jumping into a ‘hot’ sector that has already seen a marked increase in value. Instead, consider looking at long-term business fundamentals as this can indicate sectors that have the potential to appreciate.

Asset Allocation with
Malaysian ETF’s

A right mix of stocks, bonds, cash, and commodities in a portfolio that is well diversified within each asset class reduces risk of a portfolio.
To boost returns, investors usually make tactical asset allocations which can be sector, industry or market specific. In both situations, exchange traded funds (ETFs) which are low-cost and broadly diversified can be used. For example; the two equity ETFs trading on Bursa Malaysia offers exposure to the large-cap segment of the Kuala Lumpur Composite Index (KLCI) while the only bond ETF in the country holds government securities.

These ETFs can be used by investors to diversify between different asset classes and to invest in the broad market. Small or mid-cap ETFs which provide a way to invest in different sectors may be available in the future and then, can be used for tactical asset allocation based on an outlook.

The benefits of investing in ETFs

In recent years, the world has witnessed a dramatic change in the financial markets, which have become increasingly complex.

Many dynamic investment instruments have been created to meet the diverse needs of the investors. One of the more innovative instruments which has become increasingly popular is the Exchange Traded Fund (ETF).

To date, there are three ETFs listed on Bursa Malaysia, namely ABF Malaysia Bond Index Fund, FBM30etf and MyETF Dow Jones Islamic Market Malaysia Titans 25. The first two ETFs are managed by AmInvestment Bank Group. Datin Maznah Mahbob, chief executive officer (CEO), Funds Management Division of AmInvestment Bank Group explains what ETFs are and the benefits of investing in them.

Question: As the pioneer fund manager who developed the first bond and the first equity exchange-traded funds in Malaysia, can you explain what an ETF actually is?

Answer: An ETF is a unit trust that is listed and traded on a stock exchange. An open-ended fund with no expiry date, it usually tracks or replicates the performance of a benchmark index. This means that ETF investors hold units of a fund that invests in a number of securities.

By investing in ETFs, investors enjoy a cheaper and easier way to gain exposure to a basket of securities represented in an index through a single transaction. The basket of securities could consist of either stocks, bonds, commodities or other instuments.

Investors can buy or sell units of the ETFs on the stock exchange through any remisier, just like how they buy or sell stocks. They are required to have a Central Depository System (CDS) account and a trading account - that they use for trading stocks - to trade ETFs. In Malaysia, a single trading lot for ETF consists of 100 units. This means investors can buy or sell a minimum of 100 units for each lot.

Q: How do ETFs track an index?

A: As ETFs are index-tracking funds, it is important to know what an index is and how ETFs track an index. An index is a "basket" or portfolio consisting of either stocks, bonds or other securities which are grouped to reflect the movement of an entire market. The securities that form an index are called index constituents.

The underlying securities of the index are chosen by the Index Provider to represent the broad market or sector. For example, Standard & Poor's is the Index Provider for the S&P 500 stock market index, which comprises 500 stocks with the largest market capitalisations in the US.

An ETF tracks an index by holding securities in the same composition as the underlying index. The fund could also hold a sample of securities that statistically tracks the index closely. This means the ETF could invest in a fewer number of securities as compared to the index.

The objective of ETFs is to give returns that are very similar to the performance of the index that the funds track. The funds do not seek to outperform or underperform the index. For instance, if the index increases by 10 per cent, the price of the ETF is likely to have an increase of 10 per cent.

Q: Why should investors invest in ETFs?

A: There are four main reasons why ETFs can be a viable investment tool for investors. Firstly, it is easy for investors to buy and sell the funds. Just like trading stocks, investors could buy or sell ETFs through their remisier during trading hours or via online trading. They could check the price of ETFs throughout trading hours and enjoy the flexibility and price transparency when they trade ETFs.

In Malaysia, the prices are available real-time (live) throughout the trading day on Bursa Malaysia's MASA* feed. (*MASA refers to "Maklumat Saham", a computerised display of real-time price).

Secondly, the transaction costs of ETFs are generally lower than those of unit trusts. ETF investors do not need to pay any entry fee. They also pay lower management fees because the funds are passively-managed funds. The annual management fees for ETFs are generally below 1 per cent. For example, the annual management fee for ABF Malaysia Bond Index Fund is 0.10 per cent of net asset value (NAV) of the fund and FBM30etf has an annual management fee of 0.50 per cent of the NAV of the fund.

Thirdly, investors can diversify their investments because ETFs invest in a basket of securities rather than a single security. Hence, investing in ETFs allows them to have instant diversification in the index portfolio. Investors can also gain access to markets that are not easily available such as emerging markets by investing in ETFs that concentrate on emerging markets.

Last but not least, it is convenient to invest in ETFs because investors get immediate exposure to the underlying securities representing an asset class in an index by just making a single transaction. For instance, if investors invest in FBM30etf, they are exposed to 30 largest listed companies (based on market capitalisation) in Malaysia through a single transaction.

Usually, it is more expensive for them to buy a large number of individual stocks to track the index, and to spend on the trading costs for each transaction. When investors buy or sell ETFs, they incur transaction costs including brokerage fee, clearing fee and stamp duty which are applicable when trading stocks on the exchange.

This article was contributed by the Funds Management Division of AmInvestment Bank Group.

Adding ETFs to your investment portfolio

EXCHANGE-traded funds (ETFs) are one of the innovative financial products that have emerged in recent years. At the end of May 2009, the Global ETF industry had 1,660 ETFs with 3,008 listings, assets of US$775.20 billion (RM2,744 billion) from 90 providers on 42 exchanges around the world (Barclays Global Investors, May 2009). ETFs are essentially unit trust funds that are listed and traded on a stock exchange. In Malaysia, the first ETF introduced was the ABF Malaysia Bond Index Fund which was launched in 2005 (Lipper Hindsight, March 31 2009).

Today, there are three ETFs listed on Bursa Malaysia - ABF Malaysia Bond Index Fund, FBM30etf and MyETF Dow Jones Islamic Market Malaysia Titans 25.

ETFs are increasingly becoming more well-known among investors as a viable investment instrument. ETFs offer many advantages such as transparency, broad exposure to the stock market, liquidity and flexibility, diversification, as well as lower investment costs. For example, with a single purchase of an ETF, an investor can benefit from broad market exposure. The purchase of FBM30etf gives the investor the broad market exposure of the top 30 Malaysian stocks.

For those who are new to ETFs, here are some frequently asked questions to help you get started.

Question: How do I start investing in ETFs?

Answer: Learn more about ETFs before you invest. Familiarise yourself with the benefits, limitations and risks to ensure that you do not have any misconceptions of the funds. Information on the funds can be easily found in the ETFs' websites and prospectuses.

You should also know your investment purpose before you invest. By knowing your investment objective (be it for a broader market exposure or a specific asset class), you can then decide which ETF investment strategy is the best fit for your portfolio.

Q: How do I decide which ETF to invest in?

A: Find out what is available in the market. Then research your chosen ETF and its holdings before you invest (just as you would scrutinise any stock before you invest). With the transparency that ETFs offer, you can access real-time information (e.g. ETF prices, fund information and index information) that is readily available in ETF websites.

Q: What about the costs?

A: Generally, ETFs are more cost-effective investment instruments compared to other equity instruments. Nevertheless, you must find out about all the related costs such as the fees, charges and expenses before you purchase an ETF.

Q: How do I purchase an ETF?

A: To buy and sell an ETF, you must first set up the necessary accounts.

(i) Trade through a remisier - just like buying and selling of stocks, you may buy and sell by engaging a remisier from a broking firm. You need to open two accounts:

* a trading account and

* a trading account and * a Central Depository System

* a Central Depository System (CDS) account.

Both accounts can be opened at any stockbroking firm. To trade you are required to maintain a CDS account with Bursa Malaysia Depository Sdn Bhd (BMD) via your remisier. All transactions (buy and sell) will be registered into your CDS account.

(ii) Trade online - alternatively, you may also trade online through online brokers. In Malaysia, most major banks offer e-broking services. To trade online, you must have an e-broking account plus a CDS account.

Q: How can I use ETFs as a tool for wealth management?

A: You may use ETFs as a tool for wealth management by employing different investing strategies. Once you are clear on your investment purpose, choose an investment strategy - be it a cash management strategy or a core holding strategy.

Q: How do I use ETFs as a cash management tool?

A: ETFs can be used as a cash management tool whereby idle cash can be invested in ETFs for the short term while the longer term investment decision is to be made. You can take advantage of ETF liquidity by buying an ETF using the idle cash and sell it when you need the cash later.

For example: Kamal has RM10,000 cash. Due to the worsening economic outlook and the current low interest rates, Kamal does not want his money sitting in a low yielding fixed deposit. He wants to trade for capital gains in the short term while taking the time to analyse the market to decide on longer term investments. With the dropping interest rates, he sees the potential in bonds. Thus, he decides to first invest in the ABF Malaysia Bond Index Fund. He makes that decision after weighing the opportunity in gaining a diversified exposure to a basket of Ringgit denominated bonds that are relatively low risk as well as the possible market risk.

The Fund has thus far recorded a one year growth of 4.3 per cent and a 6-month growth of 5.27 per cent Lipper Hindsight, 31 March 2009). By buying into this Fund, Kamal will also be able to enjoy the semi-annual income distributions. When he is certain that the time is right, he will sell his bond ETF and invest in other investments.

The diagram below illustrates Kamal's cash management in the short-term in ensuring that his money works in the market.

Q: How can I use ETFs as core investments?

A: ETFs can be used as the core investment in your portfolio. You can leverage on the broad diversification and lower costs of ETFs through the core holdings, and then add the satellite investments through the purchase of other stocks.

For example: John has RM100,000 and wants to build an investment portfolio. Using the core-satellite strategy, he intends to allocate 60 per cent of the money into core investments and the balance 40 per cent into satellite investments of other stocks. With an aggressive investment personality, out of the RM60,000, John plans to invest RM45,000 into FBM30etf to gain a broad market exposure of Malaysian equities, and RM15,000 in the ABF Malaysia Bond Index Fund to gain exposure to a portfolio of government bonds. For his satellite investments, he plans to diversify with a few other equity stocks.

The diagram on the right depicts John's core-satellite investment portfolio.

For John, the use of ETFs as the core holdings is a practical approach as it offers instant diversification, lower expense ratios, and reduces his overall portfolio risk. Moreover, holding two different asset classes of ETFs also give him the flexibility to easily rebalance his portfolio to a new asset mix at different market times.

Conclusion

ETFs can open a whole new range of investing opportunities for investors. Including ETFs in your portfolio is not only easy to establish but also less costly compared to building a portfolio from multiple stocks or unit trust purchases. Before you invest, make sure you fully understand the features of the ETFs. Apply the tips that we have shared with you in this article. From there, pick the investment strategy that best fits you in building your investment portfolio.

This article was contributed by the Funds Management Division of AmInvestment Group Bhd.

ETF investment strategies

AN INCREASING number of investors are using exchange traded funds (ETFs) to construct or to fill up gaps in an investment portfolio. Although relatively new in the local market, the first ETF on Bursa Malaysia was listed in 2005; many investors appreciated the relatively straightforward structure of an ETF and understood what they were acquiring.

ETFs are cheaper to trade, as liquid as stocks but with diversification advantages of an index unit trust fund investors, with an outlook, can form their expectations of return as components held within the ETF are published on its website. Being passively-managed funds designed to mirror an index, ETFs do levy sales charges and have a much lower expense ratio than traditional unit trust funds. An ETF portfolio is liquid and flexible as units can be acquired or disposed of in one trade.

A recent revision to guidelines on ETFs by the Securities Commission paves the way for foreign ETFs to be cross-listed on the local stock exchange. This allows ETF issuers or fund management companies to cross-list a foreign ETF on Bursa Malaysia if it is from a recognised jurisdiction, as listed in the guidelines, or from non-recognised jurisdiction with a regulatory regime that is comparable to Malaysia. Foreign ETFs trading on Bursa Malaysia will enable investors to invest in offshore markets quickly and at a low cost. Here are two investment strategies that can be implemented with ETFs.

ETFs AS PRIMARY INVESTMENTS

A buy and hold strategy is typically recommended for the bulk of an investor's capital while the remainder can be used for tactical strategies or riskier investing vehicles such as options or derivatives. The "Buy and Hold" approach is usually done with an ETF that mirrors the broad market or holds large-value stocks.

FTSE Bursa Malaysia Large 30 Index Fund (FMB30etf) and MyETF DowJones Islamic Market Malaysia Titans 25 (MYETF-DJIM25) are local equity ETFs that provide investors with an instantly diversified portfolio. Both these ETFs hold stakes in the country's largest listed companies with MYETF-DJIM25 being syariah compliant. Investors with cross-border trading facilities can consider ETFs listed outside the country. For example, FTSE ASEAN 40, managed by CIMB Principal Asset Management (S) Pte Ltd, is a Singaporean-based equity ETF, which holds the 40 largest companies by market capitalisation across Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand.

Investors would find it fairly easy to rebalance an ETF portfolio as units can be acquired or disposed off in one transaction. This allows the weight of different asset classes to be altered when necessary, without multiple individual trades. For example, investors that need to increase their fixed income exposure can obtain units in ABF Malaysia Bond Index Fund (ABFMY1), an ETF which holds a basket of local government bonds, in a single transaction.

ETFs TO FILL UP GAPS

The advent of sector-based ETFs allows investors to tilt their portfolio towards specific sectors or industries. Moving in and out of a sector depending on analysis and outlook is known as a sector rotation strategy. The basic premise behind this strategy is that certain sectors are cyclical in nature and thus, predictable. For example, investors that expect commodities to do well once the global economy recovers can add an ETF which mirrors a commodity index or ETFs that hold the physical commodity.

Prior to sector-based ETFs, the high cost involved in this strategy limited its use to institutional investors. Retail investors have the option of acquiring sector specific unit trust funds, if available. Once available in the local market, sector-based ETFs will enable discerning retail investors to implement this strategy and profit if their outlook proves to be true.

KNOW THE ETF

There is a plethora of ETFs trading on foreign stock markets and this can occur in Malaysia when more issuers enter the local market. Investors must scrutinise and understand the difference between each ETF. For example, constituents of equity ETF can be solely large-cap companies or small-cap companies, real estate investment trusts (REITs) or commodities stock. Likewise, a bond ETF can hold government securities or commercial papers. It is essential that investors understand the holdings of an ETF before deciding on the applicable strategy.


MONITORING A PORTFOLIO

It is good practice to monitor and rebalance an investment portfolio at least once a year. Investors with ETFs in their portfolio can compare each ETF's performance to that of its benchmark index. The difference, if any, is often negligible and known as the tracking error. Tracking error occurs when an ETF's underlying index constituents are illiquid or when it does not perfectly replicate an index due to practicality or limit constraints. Investors should rebalance their portfolios if it no longer adheres to their original asset allocation, perhaps due to market fluctuations. This may require ETF units to be acquired or disposed of. Avoid making unnecessary transactions as each trade incurs a cost. Also reassess your portfolio's asset allocation, if circumstances have changed in your life, but maintain a long-term perspective.

Business Times

何選擇醫藥保險 保證更新不一定保證 留意保障年數

當我們做好決定，心目中已有適合自己的醫藥保險后，是不是就能鬆口氣，不用再繼續煩惱，一切交給保險經紀就行了？

理財師奉勸大家，在還沒投保前，一定要看清楚保單條規，尤其要注意“保證更新”（Guarantee Renewal）這一條，免得有需要時，無法獲得應有的保障，買了也是白買，落得一場歡喜一場空。

投保前，需碓保“保證更新”條款為年年更新或終身更新，免得淪落到年年交保費，最后仍不獲賠償的窘況。

市面上大多數醫藥保單，都列出“保證更新”這個條款，這四個字看似平平無奇，但若不注意，足以讓投保人就算年年交保費，最后仍不獲賠償。

宏願理財機構創辦人兼董事經理陳文博告訴《中國報》，投保前應留意，所買醫藥保險能夠保障几年。

“這是第一點，另外還得看好‘保證更新’是年年更新，還是終身都有得更新。”

原來，有些醫藥保單需年年更新，所以在購買前，需看好更新到哪一年。

55歲后保費增

如果保單並無指明更新到何年何月，投保人應確保所買保單更新到一定年分，否則若是患上36種疾病或醫藥費超出每年可獲最高賠償（Annual Limit），將面臨無法更新醫藥保單或不獲賠償的窘況。

陳文博說，保證更新意指可以續保，就算投保人不幸患病后，都可繼續索賠。

另外，他也提醒大家，若購買的醫藥保險屬于“無保證更新”（Guarantee non-renewal），表示保險公司可在無需通知投保人的情況下隨意調漲保費。

只有當投保人死亡、超出年齡限制、索賠額度超出終身最高賠償及沒有繳交保費的情況，“保證更新”醫藥保單才會終止。

陳文博透露，55歲並非不能投保醫藥保險，但保費或較昂貴，不過最主要還是得視健康情況而定。

“保險公司會要求投保人進行一連串健康檢查，至于是何種檢查則等待保險公司指示。

中国报

给爸爸妈妈的一封信 当爱变成害

●文：陈国强（中学辅导老师）

一位伤心难过的妈妈，硬是把中学二年级的孩子拉到我的辅导室来，然后滔滔不绝的对着我说：“老 师，你知道吗，我快被他气死了。纪律老师告诉我，他不但上课时睡觉，而且常常逃课，现在竟然还学会抽烟，还骂老师。现在校方要罚他停课两个星期，我真的不 会教导自己的孩子了，不管他们需要什么，我们都会满足他们的要求，但是现在……”

生气的妈妈不断数落自己的孩子，孩子的脸色一阵青，一阵白，神情也开始不耐烦了。最后孩子忍不住怒吼了出来：“你有完没完，你以为自己就没有错吗？每一次说话都没有顾虑人家的感受，完全不给人面子，我也有我的自尊。

“还有，我什么自由都没有。我用手机你要干涉，我和朋友上街你要干涉，我穿什么衣服你也要干涉！”

孩子是天下父母一生的牵挂，也是父母一生的寄托。我们长说“养儿一百岁，常忧九十九”，然而，很多时候 父母的关心却常常成为孩子的负担。许多父母无法拿捏对子女的爱。从事辅导工作多年，我渐渐地发现到父母对孩子的爱，不是太多，就是太少。太多的爱，就是溺 爱；太少的爱，就是不爱。亲子关系永远是一门学之不尽的学问。

■父母持武器在校闹事

最近，学校发生了一个特别的个案。一位经常作威作福的学生在学校和别人争执时，被人掌掴。有关父母获知有关事件，立刻手持木棍和武器来学校闹事。他们不但破坏学校设备，还企图殴打校长。

有关学生在父母的撑腰下，还当着校长面前粗口连篇。事情虽然惊动警方，有关家长还是不断恐吓有关校长。最后该名家长还面对法律诉讼。这个个案几乎就是北干那那校园暴力事件的翻版。

父母过度溺爱和保护，往往会让孩子变成无法无天的小霸王或温室里的小花。然而，没有父母的关怀，却像没 有养料和水分的花朵，永远无法盛开。其实父母应该知道在适当的时候，放下对儿女过度地关怀。我们不应该对他们有过度的期望。父母对子女的爱与关怀就应该像 放风筝一样，该放的时候就放，该收的时候就收，不要太紧，也不要太松。

如果你问我：“陈老师，你是一个成功的爸爸吗？”

■成长阶段不同角色

我会很勇敢的回答：“以前是，现在是，以后也是！”在孩子成长的阶段中，父母亲要不断的更换自己的角色。

孩子在幼儿时期需要保姆型的父母，哺育他们成长；孩子在儿童时期需要导师型的父母，教导他们做人的道 理；孩子在亲少年的时候，需要朋友型的父母，陪伴他们一起成长，和他们一起分享喜怒哀乐。然而很遗憾的是身为父母我们永远扮演着同样的一个角色，无法自我 调整，在适当的时候扮演适当的角色。

现在再问问你自己，你是一个成功的父母吗？回答之前，请轻轻闭上眼睛，在心灵最深处寻找答案。

如果你的答案是“是”，那恭喜你，你拥有一个美满融洽的家庭，你是幸福的，你的孩子也是幸福的。

如果你的答案是：“不是”，那也要恭喜你，你终于能勇敢地面对自己的问题。你或许会很疑惑，孩子不听 话、沉迷电玩、逃课、爱顶嘴……，都是父母现有问题吗？其实父母本身绝对没有错，错的只是不懂得扮演适当的角色，没有良好的沟通方式，不懂得在适当的时候 用适当的方式来爱孩子。

曾经看过一套韩国电影《春去春又来》。片中有一段感人的教育孩子的情节，和大家一起分享。

在一座庙里，有一个小和尚，他今年只有7岁。庙里只有他和一位老和尚相依为命。

小和尚虽然穿着袈裟，还是掩不住小男孩的调皮天性。每当无聊的时候，他总会到后山的池塘里找些玩意儿来打发时间。

有一天小男孩突发奇想，他把一块石头绑在绳索上，再把绳索的另一端绑在一条鱼的身上，接着再把鱼丢入河里。那条鱼在河里挣扎的游着。鱼越游越辛苦，小和尚的笑声就越来越大声。

小和尚不但让鱼在河里垂死挣扎，还抓来青蛙做实验如法炮制它们。他这些举动，老和尚全看在眼里。但是他并没有当场责骂小和尚。他想出一个办法来让小和尚醒悟过来。

当天晚上，当小和尚睡觉的时候，老和尚就用绳索绑在孩子身上，另一端帮了一块大石头。孩子从睡梦中醒过来，发现自己动弹不得，着急得哭了起来。

这时老和尚心平气和地告诉他：“孩子，你去把鱼和青蛙身上的绳索打开，我就解开你的绳子。”

小和尚拖着沉重的脚步，一步一步的走向池塘，他找到了青蛙和鱼，解开了它们身上的绳索，他深深的体会到那些动物所承受的痛苦。

■永远放不下的石头

这时老和尚对他说：“孩子，如果其中的一只动物死亡的话，那么就算你身上的石头解开了，你心中会有另一颗永远放不下的石头。”

由始至终，老和尚都没有责骂孩子，但他却让孩子了解自己所犯的错误。

一般上的父母在孩子犯错的时候，都会采取几种不同的方法，有些家长甚至会当场出重手。

在还没有了解真相之前就重重处罚孩子，只会让孩子感到恐惧和愤怒。

这种以暴制暴的方式只会制造问题孩子，问题家庭然后变成社会问题。孩子也不会在受处罚后自我反省。所以 有许多孩子在犯错以后就不敢去面对，他们只好找出种种借口来瞒骗父母，让事情更加复杂化。当然有些父母会像老和尚静心下来仔细聆听，然后不动声色地让孩子 明白自己的错误，反省和改过。

孩子需要认同和赞美，孩子需要我们的聆听。就算孩子拥有了全世界，但是没有了父母真心的关怀，那么对他们来说孩子不完整的。让我们再次的来想一想，“我是一个好父母吗”？

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