Monday, January 31, 2011

Eight ways to protect your income

If you were to be incapacitated tomorrow, would your family be cared for? Would you be able to cover your medical bills?

Life is full of uncertainties. Worried about being unable to generate an income if something were to happen to you? The concern is that the bills don’t stop arriving even then. “With income protection, there is income for you and your family to pay ongoing expenses, in the event of your premature death, illness, disablement or lay-off,” says Lawrence Seow, head of financial planning for VKA Wealth Planners Sdn Bhd. “You will also feel more secure and don’t have to worry about funds.”

Sean Lee, CEO of Oscar Wealth Advisory Sdn Bhd, agrees that pre-planning to protect your income is vital. “In case of serious illnesses, your income-earning ability will be affected for a long time, perhaps even a lifetime. Besides the basic necessities of living, there may be medical expenses that you need to fund.”

Good financial planning includes preparing for the unexpected. The best part about protecting your income against the risk of unemployment, accidents or sickness is that you get to enjoy the amount accumulated in the event you don’t face those situations at the end of the day.

Here are eights ways to protect your income:

1) Emergency savings

An emergency fund helps to protect you against unforeseen expenses and loss of income. “Start building your emergency fund, which should generally about six months of living expenses or income,” says Seow. “These savings allow you to survive financial hardship and pay your bills in the short term. If there is talk of lay-offs at work, increase the amount that you put into this fund.”

A key feature of an emergency fund is that it must be accessible. “Put your emergency monies into highly liquid accounts like savings accounts or short-term fixed deposits,” says Lee. “The danger here is that you can be ‘susceptible’ to tapping into the funds for impulse spending if you are not disciplined.”

2) Diversify your income

Remember that your current income supports your daily expenditure and wealth accumulation. “Everyone, whether an employee or self employed, should proactively look for ways to reduce his dependence on his day job. Start building passive income streams. Reorganise your financial life so that you do not solely rely on your monthly salary or pension,” says Lee. Building sources of passive income also reduces your financial burden if you lose your job.

To generate passive income, start by building your financial knowledge and invest in financial vehicles. “Boost your income by investing in high-yield stocks, unit trust funds or real estate, or a combination of these assets,” says Lee. “Patience and consistency is required to execute an investing strategy. If you do not have the time and aptitude to do so, hire a financial planner to help you.”

3) Disability income insurance

“When you are unable to work because of sickness or injury, disability-income insurance provides you with a partial replacement of your pre-disability earnings,” says Seow. “This is offered as an additional rider that you can attach to your existing life insurance policy. For example, you can insure RM36,000 per annum in the event that you cannot work due to a disability. If this does occur, you will receive RM36,000 every year until the rider expires.”

4) Critical illnesses insurance

It is not uncommon to see headlines on increasing illnesses around the world. “Critical illnesses insurance is important as a severe medical condition can cost a bomb and wipe out your savings and assets,” says Lee.

Says Seow, critical illness cover pays the insured a lump sum when he is diagnosed with any of the stated diseases. “This cover can support additional medical costs that the insured will need, for example, when afflicted with stroke, cancer or kidney failure. This insurance provides for loss of income when you are ill.”

5) Total permanent disability cover

A sudden illness or accident can render one permanently disabled. “Total and permanent disability usually means the insured suffers from continuous disability and is unable to work for at least six months,” says Seow. Except for the circumstances explained in the total and permanent disability exclusions, the insured is eligible to receive a lump sum amount if he is totally and permanently disabled, he adds. “Do note that most insurance companies in Malaysia do not pay benefits on partial disability.”

The coverage helps offset part of your medical bills while you face the challenge of being permanently disabled and may need long-term support and care for the rest of your life. “The insured can use the lump sum benefit to settle debts so that family members do not have to deal with this obligation and to make life as comfortable as possible for everyone,” says Lee.

6) Personal accident policy

Personal accident plan is an affordable supplement to life insurance. “Personal accident insurance is essential because the policy gives the insured cover for a variety of accidental injuries. Some policies can give you cash benefits if you are hospitalised or unable to work for a period of time, or both,” says Lee.

The compensation from a personal accident policy helps to cover living expenses due to your accidental injury. It is important to ensure that your personal accident plan comes with weekly indemnity benefits (income replacement as a result of short-term absence from work), accidental death and dismemberment benefit and medical reimbursement. “If you sustain temporary total disability due to an accident and are unable to perform your normal work duties, you will receive an amount every week for the period of time as stated in your policy. This is the weekly indemnity benefit and your condition must be substantiated by a medical specialist,” says Seow. For instance, if the insured breaks his leg in an accident and has to stay at home for two months; he will receive his weekly indemnity cover for two months.

Accidental death and dismemberment benefit provides a lump sum if the insured survives an accident but suffers a total and permanent disability, says Lee. If the insured passes away due to the accident, the amount received is net of the amount that has already been paid for the accidental dismemberment.

Personal accident insurance can be extended to cover medical expenses incurred for the treatment of an accident that is covered by the policy. “With medical reimbursement, the insured is able to claim the medical and surgical expenses, whether it is outpatient or inpatient treatment, for any injuries caused by an accident,” says Lee. “This certainly reduces your out-of-pocket expenses and the need to dig into your emergency funds.”

7) Life insurance

Life cover or death benefit can provide immediate cash fund for your loved ones in the event of your death. “Factor in your personal situation, present debts and future liabilities and you will be able to gauge how much life coverage your family would need,” says Seow. “For example, provide RM50,000 every year for your family, RM25,000 for final expenses and RM15,000 to pay for probate and administration. Assuming an inflation-adjusted return of 3.85% a year and 45 years of need [years that your family is to be provided for]. This means that you need about RM1.3 million in life insurance coverage now.”

You can also look at term insurance, whole life insurance or an investment-linked policy.

8) Medical cards

Seeking treatment and care at private hospitals can exhaust savings. “Medical costs are increasing at an alarming rate of about 6% a year,” says Seow. “Medical costs will double in 12 years or less. The question is, can your investments and incomes grow that quickly and consistently? The answer is no.”

A medical card gives you additional cover over and above your income protection plan. The card generally covers room and board, ICU stay, surgical fees, aesthetic fees, medical treatments, and post- and pre-hospitalisation treatments. Some cards also cover claims for medical treatment received outside the country but only for the cost that you would incur to seek the same treatment locally. “Upon hospital admission, the medical card will pay based on the benefits provided [usually hospital admissions and bills]. You do not need to use your cash, thus your monthly cash flow will not be interrupted,” says Seow. “If your hospital stay is longer than a week, the cost starts to escalate to thousands of ringgit. With a medical card, you can reduce this financial burden.”

Some may consider the premiums paid for these medical cards as being “burnt” if the card is not used. However, it only takes one or two hospital admissions to use all the premiums that you have paid over the years. “Most medical cards impose a yearly limit on the number of days for room and board, as well as annual limits [on cost incurred], adds Seow.

theedgemalaysia.com

Monday, January 24, 2011

準備退休金‧勿無限期押後

孝養父母、清償房貸、子女高等教育金以及自己的退休金準備,這4大花費最好能同時進行,因為這些都是非常“剛性”的需求,不要因為計較準備順序,結果就耽誤了其中某一項費用的準備。

青年、中年、老年這樣3個年齡群體在退休問題上有著各自典型的迷思,上期看過青年的退休迷思後,本期開始進入中年,而中年正是“薄有財富”的時期,所面對的退休迷思更甚,我們將陸續一一剖析。

中年篇

中年人關於退休的困惑和誤區特點,往往呈現兩種極端,一類人覺得自身生活壓力大,上有老,下有小,無暇關心自己的退休安排;還有一類人是覺得有點閒錢抓緊投資,等股市樓市賺了錢就不怕退休了。

無論是主觀還是客觀上,這兩類人都失去了進行退休金籌備的黃金時期,無形中加大了未來安排退休生活的難度。

迷思

雙方父母尚在,每月、每年都要盡孝心,孩子尚小,各項開支很大,是否只能委屈自己,將退休規劃擱置一旁?

算起來,齊先生和太太的收入都挺不錯,剛過不惑之年的他們月收入相加有近1萬5千令吉,可兩人卻沒有為養老做過準備。

“還貸3千令吉、基本開銷2千令吉、購物1千500令吉、孝敬父母1千令吉、孩子補習750令 吉,要花錢的地方可多呢。”齊太太粗略數算著每月的花費。雖然夫妻倆日積月累有了幾十萬元的結餘,可在他們看來,這些錢可不是為自己準備的。齊太太坦言, “現在這些積蓄,一是要備著給父母將來看病用的,二是給孩子預備留學學費的。我們養老的事情還沒顧得上多想呢。”

點評

中年“夾心族”的退休金準備不能無限期壓後。

齊先生和太太可算是典型的“夾心族”,上有老、下有小的他們不得不優先為父母、子女考慮。工作多年攢下的存款除了要為父母建立“醫療儲備賬戶”,還要給孩子搭建“教育儲備基金”,壓力可真是不小。而就在這樣的雙重壓力下,他們自己的養老金就這麼不見了蹤影。

其實,這樣做的結果可能很糟糕。當齊先生夫婦二人退休時,由於他們的積蓄不斷被父母、子女所 用,以致沒有充足的養老積蓄,生活品質很可能無法保障。而且,正是因為養老金的累積需要一個較長的過程,而這筆錢的需求與這個累積的時間都是“剛性”的, 所以當然是早準備比晚準備好,晚準備比不準備好。

從小錢開始強制儲蓄

考慮到夾心族各項開支較大,我們建議可以從小錢開始,一點點強制儲蓄,再配合適當的投資工具, 靠長期投資把小錢變大錢。夾心族家庭首先可以考慮“節流法”,以減少家庭每月的開支。比如通過記賬的方式,先掌握每月的固定開銷有多少,再慢慢從中減少不 必要的支出,自然就把錢存下來了。

又比如當前物價上漲的時候,購物還要學著挑時間、挑商場。同樣一個品牌的冬季新品,在這個商場 可能只打8折,換一個商場沒準能打6折。下館子吃飯也要算計一下,可以在網上下載優惠券的千萬別錯過,或者你還可以試試時下超級火熱的團購,只要提前預約 一下,同樣一餐飯的價格可能是平時的一半,甚至更3折、2折呢!

依照花費類別
分不同銀行賬戶支付

當每月固定支出都能夠控制住以後,便可以進一步採用“賬戶管理法”,也就是依照不同的花費類別 分別由不同的銀行賬戶支付。每月薪水拿到後,可以先依照規劃的預定金額分別轉到各賬戶,如生活基本開支賬戶、教育賬戶、娛樂性消費賬戶等,再由這些賬戶直 接扣款支付各類生活所需。量入為出、先進後出的辦法,每月餘錢將不再是難以預估的,隨後也較能進行計劃性投資。

另外,在較大金額的花費預計方面,也要學會“按比重分配”。我們發現,很多家庭都將孩子的教育 費、父母的贍養費特別是醫療費用混在一起隨便使用,沒有區分賬戶對待,更沒有統一的籌劃,家庭賬務狀況比較混亂。我們建議這樣的家庭先預估一下資金的使用 時間、使用金額,再尋找相應的積蓄方法。

孝養父母、清償房貸、子女高等教育金以及自己的退休金準備,這4大花費最好能同時進行,因為這些都是非常“剛性”的需求,不要因為計較準備順序,結果就耽誤了其中某一項費用的準備。唯一能調整的就是資金分配的比重,以確保專款專用。

星洲日報

養兒未必防老


在父母都還沒有退休時選擇“啃老”的子女,等到父母年邁時,應該沒有能力扛起為父母養老的重任吧。

中年篇

迷思 1

有兒子(女兒)做靠山,將來退休沒甚麼好擔心的。

“寶寶,爸爸媽媽以後就靠你啦!

要快快長大哦!”小豆豆剛出生13個月,陳禮羽和先生就迫不及待地想到了將來。

“我們寶寶在抓周兒的時候,可是拿了算盤的,將來一定善於理財,財運亨通啊。”禮羽高興地說, 在一週歲生日時,她和先生給寶寶準備了算盤、筆、書、羽毛球和錢,因為寶寶平時貪玩,他們覺得一定會選羽毛球,沒想到,寶寶對算盤最感興趣,拿在手裡就不 想放,“以後我們就等著享他的福啦,等我們退休了,說不定真能周遊世界呢。”

雖然抓周兒只是民間流傳的一種風俗,但倒是給了禮羽夫婦很多的遐想與期盼,就連退休後的生活,他們也把一份希望寄托在兒子身上。

點評:

隨著社會老齡化壓力增大,“養兒防老”觀念落伍。

自古以來,養兒防老的思想在中國人心中可謂根深蒂固。在長輩們眼中,兒孫滿堂就等同於老來無憂。不過,時過境遷,風俗可以沿襲,養兒防老的思想卻不得不變一變了。

原因當然是多方面的。越來越多家庭的結構變成了“倒金字塔”形,“4-2-1”家庭模式非常普遍,這與過去的家庭模式反差巨大。過去的家庭都有好幾個孩子,養老生活可以依賴於多個子女的共同照料。

再來看看現在四五十歲的中年人,他們中大部份人都只生一胎。這樣一來,未來家庭的格局只會是“2-1”、“4-2-1”甚至“8-4-2-1”了,依靠多個子女來贍養老人的情況不復存在。

家庭結構的變動,對下一代的壓力是巨大的。

另一方面,“啃老”現象也在加劇。大學生畢業後找不到理想的工作在家待業、工作沒幾年的年輕人 想結婚了,就向父母討要積蓄用來買房買車,就連最簡單的信用卡還款都要依賴於父母的供給等等。在父母都還沒有退休時選擇“啃老”的子女,等到父母年邁時, 應該沒有能力扛起為父母養老的重任吧。

子女“啃老”現象加劇

即便是出去工作,生活完全可以自己負責的中青年,要在“倒金字塔”模式下為父母、祖父母養老, 也並不容易。畢竟當他們建立小家庭後,也需要顧及子女教育、買房、自身養老等諸多問題。即便有心孝敬父母,也可能無力。因此,養兒防老在現實社會中很難實 現,中年人必須為自己的退休生活早做打算。

迷思 2

趁股市樓市好抓緊“撈一票”,為追求高收益率而盲目投資。

買股、買房、買店舖、海外投資……張國強涉足過的投資領域還真是不少。今年58歲的他雖然臨近退休,可絲毫沒有閒下來的心。

“我們家可是一點存款都沒有的,銀行的利息那麼低,連抵禦通膨的能力都沒有,當然要積極投資了!”

張國強說,他把商舖出售後,幾乎全部的流動資金都放在股市中,現在,家裡除了自住房和少量的現金儲備外,只有股票資產了。他希望兩年內出現一個大牛市,好讓資產翻幾番,富足養老。

點評:

退休是長期理財,要賺的是穩定的“時間財”。

當牛市來臨時,股票投資越積極,收益可能越高,不過對於自己的養老本,在積極投資之餘,還應做好“軟著陸”的打算。特別是像張先生這樣,還有兩年光陰即將退休的中年人,更應該為退休前3年的生活準備好穩定的資金。

2008年一場金融危機讓很多人看到了投資的風險,當時有不少參與投資的中年人損失慘重。張先生如此有勇氣拿養老本冒險,可萬一股票的走勢與張先生的判斷相反,萬一在即將退休的時候摔了這樣一個跟斗,他能否保持一個樂觀的心態?又能否爬起來,再在投資的路上走下去呢?

養老儲備應做適當投資

一般比較鼓勵中年人對養老儲備做適當的投資,畢竟通膨的背景下,簡單地存銀行、買債券只會讓資產貶值,但對於你所不瞭解的投資項目,應當儘量迴避。如果實在想要嘗試,也應當使用其他閒散資金,做好虧損的最壞打算。

另外,要對退休儲備心中有底,不妨根據當前年齡、退休後計劃的每年支出反推合適的投資方式。舉 例來說,假如張先生和太太都是58歲,兩人計劃在60歲至70歲時,每年旅行1至2次,花費在2萬至3萬元左右。那麼距離60歲還有2年時間,考慮到證 券、基金等投資的風險係數較大,為保障61歲至63歲的三年中足夠的旅行花銷,可以選擇存款、債券等穩健型投資方式。如果年收益按照3%來計算,3年中每 年2萬至3萬元的花費,需要在60歲時留出5.7萬至8.5萬元,這筆費用可以通過58歲時一次性投入5.4萬至8萬元實現(年收益依然為3%的前提 下)。

而70歲前另外7年的旅行基金則可以通過較為積極的投資方式取得。因為從長期來看,股市、基金的風險並不大。假設預期平均年收益率達到10%,那他們58歲時只需要投入6至9萬元的資金就能解決63至70歲前共7年的旅遊費用。

這樣有針對性的投資方式、資金分配比張先生目前的方法更讓人放心,效果也未必會差。

星洲日報

Sunday, January 23, 2011

保險金三角合家保平安

一個幸福美滿的家庭,並不一定需要很多錢,但必須要有足夠的保障,才能確保這個家不會因為突發、無法預想的意外,而導致財務狀況大受影響。

到底維繫一個家庭財務穩定,需要怎樣的保險保障?

步入2011年1月份,正是好好規劃家庭保險之時。

理財專家建議,一個家庭應有保險“金三角”,這么一來就可保合家平安,把財務保障加大、減低風險。

所謂保險“金三角”,是包括意外保險、醫藥保險及人壽保險,為自己和家人構建起穩固金三角。

這主要是從有效抵禦人生風險、構築全面保障的角度來考量。

專家稱,意外保險能幫助抵禦人生中不可預知的意外傷害的風險,對因此造成的經濟損失給予一定的補償。

醫藥保險則可減小因大病小病而造成的財務風險,當人們因疾病引起收入減少,支出增加時,它可以緩解由此產生的經濟落差。

專家說,壽險不僅能夠提供生命保障、防範因疾病或意外身故或全殘時,家庭財務發生的危機,還可以安全穩健地實現養老金、子女教育金的規劃。

只有真正做到三者兼顧的保險規劃,才算得上是一份真正全面的保障。

重審家庭保障

新的一年,各個家庭不妨重新審視一下成員的保險規劃,看看這一年中,家庭情況是否發生變化,並且是否需要調整已有的保險保障。

例如當你從單身一族搖身一變,組建了家庭,成了家中頂樑柱,那就需要為你的另一半多考慮考慮了。

你或許可以適當添置一份意外保險,又或者在已有的醫療保險基礎上看看是否需要補充完善。

又如,當夫妻倆有了小寶寶后,就更需要為下一代好好照顧自己了。

一次投保非終身受用

買了保險保障就一定足夠嗎?答案是否定的。

保險保障夠不夠,牽涉到一個保險金額的問題。

有些家庭儘管投保了保險,可由于保額太低,在事故發生后,所能起到的經濟作用就很小。

以意外保險為例,如果保險金額過低,當被保險人發生意外事故身故后,對家人的經濟賠償很可能無法起到維持生活水平的作用。

又比如說嚴重疾病保險,按照現在的醫療費用水平,一次重大疾病的住院、就醫、用藥等收費,都大幅提高了。

而且,當你的收入、家庭情況發生改變后,你可能需要調整已有的保險金額,這一點可能是很多家庭所忽視的。

“一次投保,終身受用”的想法,存在于不少人心中,但並不正確。

中國報

成立信托創造價值 讓家族財富延續下去

隨著時代進步,尤其華人對死亡的看法漸漸樂觀,遺囑成了現代人基本需要。

但「富不過三代」還是常常被說成是華人的宿命,因為遺產往往被分配后,就沒有辦法確保后人能夠好好的管理或不變賣。

反觀在西方國家,財富尤其大企業都能世世代代經營下去,其中竅門就是成立信托,把自己財產權轉讓受托人進行管理及分配。

信託是打破“富不過三代”的魔咒,而且能讓遺產或企業永遠流傳和經營。左為曾開俊,右為胡瑞志。
若說遺囑是一個人離世后,開啟財產寶庫一把非常重要的鑰匙,信托可被形容為能夠讓遺產繼續創造價值的工具。

樂委(Rockwills)資深資產規劃師曾開俊及胡瑞志告訴《中國報》,撰寫遺囑僅能把所擁有財產分配掉,之后該些財產的使用就因人而異,結果也各有造化。

想要讓自己的財物,即便在本身離世后,也能不斷增值進保護后人利益,信托就是很好的輔助工具。

胡瑞志說,很多人誤解信托為富裕家庭才能做的規劃。但這是一般家庭都可以使用的工具,在國外已經非常流行,尤其對家裡有年幼小孩、特殊成員、長者的家庭,都非常重要。

受托人無權隨意脫售

曾開俊解釋,簡單來說,信托就是委托人把其財產的一部分或指定的財物的轉讓權,由受托人根據委托人的意願以及所設定的目的,進行管理或分配。

在這過程中,受托人沒有權力隨意脫售或轉讓受托財產,所有利益都歸托管人所設定的受益人,受托人則將徵收管理或行政費。

胡瑞志說,成立信托的成本並不高,1000令吉起就能夠通過該公司成立信托,每年管理費就是信托收入的0.5%至0.75%。至于沒有收入資產,每年管理費頂價是2000令吉。

“雖然信托成本看起來很高,但比較該些資產價值,就等于以資產價值的1%作為成本,來保障其余99%價值。”

因此,普通家庭也有能力成立信托。

信托財務保護更強

信託執行方式有賴于不同人的要求,必須與受託人坐下詳談。
更重要的是,有了信托,委托人一旦不幸離世,家里的孩子、老人或是特殊成員,都能獲得一定期限或是永久的財務保護。

胡瑞志舉例:“報導指出,戴安娜王妃逝世12年,之前給兩位王子威廉及哈里兄弟所留下的900萬英鎊財產,經過多年投資加利息,已經變得更豐厚,繼承時兩人將分別獲得650萬英鎊。”

“相反的,另一篇報導指出,吉隆坡開埠功臣兼首富葉亞來的后裔因沒有好好管理財產,歷經三代揮霍后,子孫只能過著清苦的生活。”

由此可見,信托對于好好管理遺產有很大的作用,不可忽視。

此外,信托類型眾多,也包括保障生意的生意保值信托、委托人離開后根據遺囑才生效的遺囑信托等。

不分配遺產也可保存流傳

儘管成立信托的好處不少,但目前在大馬並不普遍。

曾開俊披露,平均10人當中有2人會立遺囑,成立信托的人數就是立遺囑人數的十分之一。

有鑑于此,他認為,信托在馬來西亞還有很大發展空間,尤其是商業夥伴,有必要探討如何成立信托,以及了解信托的好處及重要。

他解釋,不同性質的遺產,可以用不同方式來傳給下一代,如政府公積金和人壽保險可以通過提名委任方式;金銀珠寶、交通工具、產業、股票、公司、剩餘資產等,可以採用遺囑方式將以長分配給家人。

若委托人不願意將部分遺產分配給家人,他就可以通過信托保存方式保留下來,所有能夠換成現金的資產,都能被列為信托資金,其中房地產及保險金最為普遍。

此外,曾開俊說,公司也可以通過生意保值信托保障生意業務在任何一個股東不幸去世后,能夠正常運作至余,也保護該股東家人的利益。

信托5大好處:

1.資金可以立即使用:無須遺囑認證文件或申請遺產管理書,避開遺產遭凍結,可在短時間內就獲得資金。

2.避免浪費:受托人間根據信托文件所定下的方式,為信托產業作出分配,防止受益人揮霍繼承的財產。

3.保護受托人財產和最愛的人:確保受益人獲得所分配的資金、避免受益人與債權人之間的紛爭,以及限制受益人使用遺產的權利進而防止受益人濫用。

4.避免債權人的追討:創造一個不可廢除信托后,在遵從法律條例的情況下,受益人將可避免委托人的財產遭債權人追討。

5.設立信托的方式很簡單:所有能夠換成現金的資產都能夠被列為信托資金。

中國報